Physics of a Bullet

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"A bullet is a kinetic projectile and the component of firearm ammunition that is expelled from the gun barrel during shooting." (Wikipedia) Bullets can vary in size from a .22 caliber to a .50 caliber on most guns. Special weapons in the military can go as high as a 105mm diameter.

Bullet
The silver cylinder to the left is called a Cartridge. This is where the bullet stays until fired by the normal force of the person's finer on the trigger pushing inward. Once the Primer is struck by the firing pin it sets the Powder Propellant on fire causing a explosion with chemical energy that gets transferred to the bullet into a form of energy called kinetic energy. Once this happens, the cartridge stays in the weapon while the bullet leaves the chamber of the barrel. 
Simplified drawing of a bullet showing the outer casing, primer, powder propellant, and bullet with full-metal jacket.