Internal Ballistics


Pistol
                          Anatomy
From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3NRyP7uFI0

Ammo
                                Lineup

From:https://www.everydaynodaysoff.com/2010/01/16/rifle-cartridge-comparison/

    The science of ballistics starts when you pull the trigger, with internal ballistics. This area of ballistics studies covers what happens from when the trigger is pulled up until the bullet exits the barrel of the gun.

    The firing pin strikes the primer or percussion cap (labeled 'bang button' below), causing the propellant (the powder) to ignite. The type of powder and it's grain is different depending on the ammunition, but the goal is always to create enough heat to continue burning the remaining powder, the reaction causing a gas to rapidly fill the bullet's casing.  With enough pressure and heat, the bullet is propelled forward once the force of the pressure is greater than the friction that is keeping the bullet in the casing.

    The bullet enters the barrel, which is has grooves (called rifling) which adds a spin to the bullet as it is propelled through the barrel. This increases the accuracy of the shot.
    The force of the gas pushing the bullet forward, also pushes the rest of the firearm back (Newton's third law of motion) causing recoil. The sudden release of pressure as the bullet exits the barrel also causes a shockwave of sound as well as the muzzle flash as the burning powder escapes the barrel.
    The caliber of a bullet is the diameter of the bullet in the casing and can be measured in metric (9 mm) or empirical (.45 caliber). The caliber also can imply the stopping power and amount of recoil that the ammunition will have.



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