Components:

~http://www.centerpointaudio.com/howspeakerswork.aspx

A loudspeaker is made up if 9 different components:

Magnet: The magnet is actually broken up into two pieces of magnets that are oppositely oriented from each other. This creates a radial field from the magnets.
Magnet Structure: The magnet Structure is what holds the magnets in place and allows for the magnets to create a standing magnetic field that the coils can bounce off of.
Voice Coil: The Voice Coil consists of an electromagnet that is wrapped around by a coil. Depending on the wattage and direction of current this component will align the poles to either attract or repel the magnet. This happens very quickly and causes the voice coil to vibrate.
Spider: The spider supports the voice coil and allows it to vibrate.
Frame: The frame holds the speakers components together and keeps important parts like the magnets from moving.
Cone: As the Voice Coil vibrates the cone produces sound waves depending on the oscillation.
Dust Cover: Protects the components from small particles like dust.
Terminals: The Terminals are where the Voice Coil receives its power. It contains positive and negative leads.
Suspension: The Suspension holds the cone in place and pulls it back into place while the Voice Coil in moving allowing the cone to vibrate.