| Quick Links Title | Introduction | Electromagnetic Radiation | Photons Traveling to Earth | Photoelectric Effect | Sources |
| Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation harnessed for energy on Earth originates at the Sun. In one second the Sun generates as much energy as 1 trillion megaton bombs. The Sun is very massive at about  kg and it is composed of about 75%
hydrogen and most of the rest is helium. The massive
size of the Sun creates an enormous gravitational
force that pulls the Sun's surroundings inward. The
large inward pressure is responsible for the nuclear
fusion reactions in hydrogen atoms. Electromagnetic
radiation can be explained through the process and
repercussions of the nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms.
X 1 Trillion = Sun's Energy Production Every
Second!
cog-ff.com
The Sun is composed of three
main regions: the core, the radiative zone and the
convective zone. The core is where the enormous
amounts of energy are created which give creation
to photons. Photons are the particles/waves that
make up light; photons oscillating at different
frequencies become different light, waves, and
rays. Photons exit the core into the radiative
zone, then to the convective zone, out of the
Sun's atmosphere, and finally into space.
 en.wikipedia.org The energy that is made in the core is released and carried outward by photon-light units. The initial reaction to produce energy comes from two single proton hydrogen ions and a great amount of pressure. The hydrogen ions fuse and start to produce other atoms, ions, particles, and energy where mass is lost in the creation. Physics of
Nuclear Fusion Between Hydrogen Atoms in
the Sun's Core
Nuclear fusion is the process of atom's nuclei joining. Hydrogen When two hydrogen atoms undergo nuclear fusion they release energy in the process. When the two hydrogen atoms fuse they create different atoms and ions which also interact with more of the atoms and ions. The reactions that take place between the atoms and ions produce energy eventually in the form of photons with frequencies ranging across the electromagnetic spectrum. The following table accounts for 85% of the energy produced in the core of the Sun:  The underlying physics seen
in the processes in the above table can be
related with Einsteins theory of relativity.
When a less massive product comes out of the
reaction between atoms and ions, the mass
difference can be accounted for through energy
conversion using the equation below where E is
the energy, m is the mass, and c is the
(constant) speed of
light.
 The processes above
account for approximately 85% of the
produced energy in the Sun. The other 15%
comes from interactions between helium-3,
helium-4, beryllium-7, lithium-7, protons,
electrons, and neutrinos. When the initial
nuclear fusion between hydrogen isotopes
takes place it paves the way for the
resulting reactions, atoms, and ions. The
different interactions with atoms and ions
allow for photons to be released with
different frequencies. The frequencies of
the photons produced range across the
electromagnetic spectrum and simply put
all of the different frequencies account
for the different types of light, waves,
and rays produced by the Sun.
Photons carry the energy from the core outward and is thus a photon made by the core. Photons are absorbed in the radiative zone by gas molecules after traveling only 1 micron. A gas molecule absorbs a proton, gets heated up by the absorption, and re-emits an identical photon which will have the same wavelength and frequency. The cycle of gas molecules absorbing protons continues and a single photon goes through approximately  of these
absorptions before finally reaching
the surface of the radiative zone and
being re-emitted into the convective
zone. Once in the
convective zone photons continue
to be carried outward. In the
convective zone photons are
carried outward to the Sun's
surface by convective currents at
a faster rate than in the core or
radiative zone. 
 |