The Physics

Sound:
    Sound can be defined as a vibration that moves through a medium (usually air) that a person can hear. These vibrations are measured by its frequency which is called Hertz(Hz). The average person can hear a range of 20Hz - 20,000Hz. These vibrations are created when an object moves causing a wave of energy to transfer through a medium around it.

~http://www.soundproofingcompany.com/soundproofing101/what-is-sound/

    To the right is an image showing what a frequency wave looks like. A high frequency means the wave will oscillate much more quickly and produce a higher pitch, and a low frequency means that the wave will oscillate more slowly producing a lower pitch sound. Volume can be determined in a wave by looking at the amplitude. This would be how high the waveform goes.
    These waves then travel to a humans ear drum which is then able to interpret these waves as a sound that we can understand.

Speaker Process:
    A Loudspeaker begins its process into producing sound by receiving an electric signal that is in the form of a wave (usually analog or sinusoidal). This wave will vary depending on the desired sound. This electric signal is known as Power(P) which is measured in (Watts). Power is created by a current(I) which is measured in ohms multiplied by Potential which is measured in Voltage(V).

    This signal then enters an electromagnetic coil called the voice coil which then creates a magnetic field(B). This magnetic field acts to the current to produce a Force.

This force will vary depending on the signal sent through it. Below the coil is located a large magnet and inside the coil is a smaller electromagnet. As a signal is sent through the the direction of the current will determine if the magnetic poles in the coil will be flipped or not. As the current passes through, the coil will will be attracted and repelled by the magnet located under it. This will create a force as the electromagnet located inside the coil will vibrate. This force can be described as F(Newtons(N)) = m(mass)*a(acceleration). This magnet is attached to a thin and flexible material such as paper or plastic. Much like a drum the vibrations will then act on this material and produce sound.