Now the death spiral is a really interesting thing to look
at when talking about the physics of figure skating. Before
I even start talking about the physics here is a video
showing you what exactly the death spiral is.
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So now lets look into the physics of what is happening
during that move. Below this is a figure that depicts all of
the important quantities that we will need in addressing
this physics problem.
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In this picture:
-
mA is the mass of the female skater
-
mB is the mass of the male skater
-
M is the mass of the system, which is equal to the combined mass of the male and female skater (M = mA + mB). Note that the red dot represents the location of the center of mass of the system.
-
LA is the distance from the center of mass of the female skater to the center of mass of the system M
-
LB is the distance from the center of mass of the male skater to the center of mass of the system M
-
P is the pivot point (center of rotation) of the system. This is where the front tip of the male skater's blade is planted into the ice
-
R is the radius of the circle traced by the center of mass of the system M, about point P
-
w is the rotation rate, in radians/s
Also please note that
LB < LA , this is because the
male skater is heavier than the female skater so the
center of mass is closer to him.
If we want to find
out how much force the male skater is exerting on the
ice to maintain his position, we can use Newton's 2nd
law, and look at the pair as if they were a rigid body
because they are moving as a single unit. Let's now
consider the diagram below where
- ac is the centripetal acceleration of the center of mass M due to the rotation rate w. This acceleration points towards the center of the circle (of radius R)
- FP is the force exerted by the ice on the male skater's blade at point P. This force acts in the direction of the centripetal acceleration ac
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Now lets use Newton's 2nd equation: F=Ma to find the force
that the male skater is exerting on the ice.
Centripetal Acceleration:
ac = w2
R
w= rotation rate
So therefore,
Fp = Mac
and
Fp = (mA + mB)w2
R
With that equation you will have all know variables in your
cases and you will be able to find out exactly how much
force the male skater is required to exert on the ice to
stay in place during the move.

