The Physics of Backdraft



Fire tetra
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  • PV=nRT
    • Pressure is increasing due to the burning of materials in the structure.
    • The structures volume is staying constant.
    • The temperature is increasing due to the fire.
  • As the fire uses all the oxygen within the structure by the burning of the materials, the gases become too rich. Reaching beyond their upper flammable limit (UFL) and breaking the fire tetrahedron. Once new oxygen is brought into the structure by a window breaking or a door being opened, the fire tetrahedron is completed again. Allowing the gases to be in their flammability limit but since so much of this gas has built up within the structure. An explosion is what occurs.
  • According to Fire Engineering: normal oxygen level is 21% once below 14%, visible flame will be reduced.

Here is a good video showing backdraft and another video explaining backdraft further.
 

Introduction    What is Backdraft?    Indications    Avoidance   Bibliography
 
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