More Reaction Turbines

Francis

Francis turbines make use of a spiral casing. This casing consists of an inlet tube that has an effect much like the water jets of the Pelton turbines, except that the water flows over all blades, as is standard with reaction turbines. This technique provides both impulse and reaction forces, making Francis turbines very efficient (up to 90%).

Kinetic

Kinetic energy turbines are also referred to as free-flow turbines. These are optimized for utilizing the kinetic energy present in flowing water. They are far less useful for high head situations. They are, however, natural choices for rivers, ocean currents, and tidal waters. Water diversion is not necessary, though this does not eliminate the effectiveness of this type of turbine.