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Types of Engines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jet_engine.svg

Depending on the size and application of planes, they will have many different types of engines. Two common types that we see in Alaska, and can grasp the concepts of, are turbo jets (above) and reciprocating (below) (Shaw, Engines-2014). The typical Boeing 737 will have some sort of a turbo jet, which allows the plane to produce much more thrust then the reciprocating engine that can be found in a Cessna. This lets the plane travel much faster, higher, and gives the plane a much longer range due to better efficiency and ability to haul a heavier fuel load (Boeing).

http://www.lvaircraft.com/cgi-bin/waa1gate.isa?WAA_PACKAGE=BDS&
WAA_FORM=BDSShowListing&U=%7C~%7C&C=0000000000JT&L=00000000A0KG

The reciprocating engine seen to the left, is much smaller than a jet engine. The basic cycle is just like the standard heat engine. These engines are usually far less efficient, but are affordable and reliable for a personal aircraft. Most of these engines will allow max speeds from 100-150 mph for cruising, and make for perfect bush planes. The Engines turn chemical energy into mechanical work, which turns the propeller.

Jet engines are much more complex, and in turn cost much more money. They take the air, compress it, combust the air with fuel, and produce exhaust. During this process thrust is created and is the mechanism that moves the plane. There is a turbine, compressor, and combustion chamber all in one large unit. This makes calculating the efficiency slightly more difficult but still very doable. The Jet engines run at much higher temperatures also, and gives a more complete burn of the chemical energy.

A 1st law analysis of an open system can be done to figure out the work, and details of a jet engine.