In 1924, Satyendra Nath Bose was intrigued by photons and gathered statistics on their behavior. He then collaborated with Albert Einstein to apply these behaviors to a greater scale other than protons. The “Bose-Einstein Statistics” describe the statistical distribution of bosons. Einstein then theorized that bring the Bosonic atoms near absolute zero would force them into the lowest quantum state and in turn generate a new form of matter. This new form of matter is called the Bose-Einstein condensate.
Scientists were able to recreate the Bose-Einstein for the first time in 1995 when Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman cooled a gas of rubidium atoms to 1.7 *10-2 K above absolute zero. Another breakthrough leading to the Bose-Einstein Condensate was when Cornell and Wieman used the cooling technique and magnetic confinement on 2,000 atoms in order to merge them into one whole condensate, a “super atom”. This super atom was an incredible feat because it was sizable enough to view under a microscope! Wieman stated, “We brought it to an almost human scale. We can poke it and prod it and look at this stuff in a way no one has been able to before.”
Essentially, The BEC has become useful in modern science when analyzing atoms come to a near stand still at extremely cold temperatures. The BEC is actually colder than deep outer space which can drop below -455 ° Fahrenheit but not absolute zero. Modern science can bring us as close to a billionth of a degree to absolute zero. Absolute zero is quite intriguing because atoms are literally stopped at absolute zero and work together to form one 'super' atom. The current world record for lowest temperature reached is approximately 810 trillionths of a degree F above absolute zero. This was accomplished by physicist Wolfgang Ketterle and his colleagues in 2003 by trapping a small quantity of sodium molecules held in place by magnets.
To learn more about the coldest place in the universe, refer to the video below.
Scientists were able to recreate the Bose-Einstein for the first time in 1995 when Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman cooled a gas of rubidium atoms to 1.7 *10-2 K above absolute zero. Another breakthrough leading to the Bose-Einstein Condensate was when Cornell and Wieman used the cooling technique and magnetic confinement on 2,000 atoms in order to merge them into one whole condensate, a “super atom”. This super atom was an incredible feat because it was sizable enough to view under a microscope! Wieman stated, “We brought it to an almost human scale. We can poke it and prod it and look at this stuff in a way no one has been able to before.”
Essentially, The BEC has become useful in modern science when analyzing atoms come to a near stand still at extremely cold temperatures. The BEC is actually colder than deep outer space which can drop below -455 ° Fahrenheit but not absolute zero. Modern science can bring us as close to a billionth of a degree to absolute zero. Absolute zero is quite intriguing because atoms are literally stopped at absolute zero and work together to form one 'super' atom. The current world record for lowest temperature reached is approximately 810 trillionths of a degree F above absolute zero. This was accomplished by physicist Wolfgang Ketterle and his colleagues in 2003 by trapping a small quantity of sodium molecules held in place by magnets.
To learn more about the coldest place in the universe, refer to the video below.