Physics of Fighter Jets

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Banking

banking

http://giphy.com/gifs/jet-top-gun-air-force-jB4N7DFpSSz8Q

  
    Fighter planes bank in order to turn.  Banking is an important maneuver for modern fighter jets because it helps them evade return fire and it helps them align into formations.  Older fighter jets utilize wing flaps to control banking, but modern jets, such as the F-22 Raptor can also utilize thrust vectoring.  By changing the direction of the engine, the F-22 can increase its ability to turn.  Banking is a simple process which involves the force of lift.
force diagram

http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/performance/q0146.shtml

 

    By tilting the plane sideways with the use of wing flaps, the lift force generated by the wings is moved at an angle.  Having the lift force tilted segments the force into two components, vertical lift and horizontal lift.  The horizontal lift generates the turning motion and the vertical lift keeps the plane in the air.  However, due to the fact that vertical lift is less than the total lift, the plane would descend due to gravity if extra lift is not generated.  In order to prevent the plane from descending, extra lift must be generated so that the vertical lift is equal to the weight of the plane.

    The thrust vector is an extra factor for jet maneuvering.  It allows a jet to make sharper turns, enhancing its agility.  When the pilot alters the direction of the engine, he directs the force accordingly.  For instance if the thrust of the engine is pointed upwards, the rear of the plane will experience a force downwards allowing the plane to make a sharp turn. 

thrust vector

http://calnikont.com/extrastuff/airplanes.html