Statics
An object in
static equilibrium it is not moving. Therefore by definition no work is done.
This is sometimes hard to imagine if you are holding a jug of milk out
at arms length, but remember,
Work =
Force*Distance.
Physiologists used to find this hard to comprehend, so in 1864 the
physiologist Hendenhain coined the term,
"static work." He was able to
rationalize this oxymoronic term because even if there is no external
work being done, there is internal work being done within the muscle
fibers. Cross bridges are formed and the protein filaments
actin and myosin slide past each other to compensate for the certain
amount of stretch in the muscle's tendon.
Holding an object steady at arms length does no mechanical work, but it
does use energy and contribute to muscle fatigue.
http://www.balleteast.org/images/Angie%20and%20Jeremy(lift).jpg
In an isometric
contraction, the lever system of muscle and bone
is in static equilibrium. That
is, the sum of the forces
and torques
equal zero.
X: ΣF=0
Y:
ΣF=0
Στ =0
=
Using these equations and a free body diagram, the forces in the
joint and the muscular tension can be found.
Στ =0 = xT-dmg => T = dmg/x
T = 0.35m*50N/0.053m
T = 500N
X:
ΣF=0
Image Edited by Kelsey
Y: ΣF=0 = T-Jy-mg => Jy =
T-mg
Jy = 500N-50N
Jy = 450N