Nanotechnology
On December 29, 1959 at the meeting for the American Physical 
    Society, Richard Feynman gave a talk that basically sparked a new science: 
    nanotechnology. At the time no one was really doing any research in this area. 
    Since then a whole new area of research has been founded. In his speech he 
    did not define how we could do this incredible task of making robots merely 
    atoms in size. He did give some possible solutions to how someone may go about 
    building these amazing things, but the most important things he said were 
    that in the world of physics there is nothing that says that this couldn't 
    be done. He talks about writing on such a small scale that the information 
    in every book ever written could be but onto the head of one pin. 
    He later talks about making a set of hands robotically work but are 1/4 the 
    size of his hands, then taking those and making another set 1/4 the size of 
    those and so on. He also talks about building a machine atom by atom. A very 
    slow process, but this miniscule machine could build another tiny machine 
    and so on until there are millions of them