Sources

---

Baldwin, M.P. et al, The quasi-biennial oscillation, Reviews of Geophysics, 32, 2 179-229, 2001
(Paper, Requires Log-in)

Holton, J.R., and R.S. Lindzen, An updated theory for the quasi-biennial cycle of the tropical
stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1076-1080, 1972
(Paper)

Labitzke, K., and H. van Loon, The Stratosphere, 179 pp., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.

Plumb, R.A., The interaction of two internal waves with the mean flow: Implications for the theory of
the quasi-biennial oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1847-1858, 1977
(Paper)

Plumb, R.A., The quasi-biennial oscillation, in Dynamics of the Middle Atmosphere, edited by J.R.
Holton and T. Matsuno, pp. 217-251, Terra Sci., Tokyo, 1984

Main Page