Background 

                Petroleum has made a lasting impact on the lives of all people. In some way or form, we are all interconnected by the petroleum exploration and production endeavors of the major oil companies. Hydrocarbons are found in the manufacturing process of all commercially traded products on Earth. No matter your environmental point of view, there is no denial that petroleum exploration has improved the lives of billions of humans by providing cheap, efficient, and reliable sources of electricity in order to push their economic interests and pursuit for happiness. It is important to note the innovative history of petroleum exploration and production before we tackle the physics of the current technologies.


   
The first recorded accounts of underground drilling show bamboo rigs created in 347A.D. in Ancient China. These wells would extend up to 800 feet.
Ancient Chinese Bamboo Drill Bit

Baku Oil Fields


Marco Polo notes the Azerbaijani oil fields near Baku in 1273. The people of Baku used the oil-filled soil as fire fuel source.




Under the Impress Elizabeth of Russia, the first oil well and refinery were built in 1745. The "rock oil" (petroleum) was refined into kerosene in order to fuel oil lamps.

Impress Elizabeth of Russia



Drake Well

In 1959, Edwin Drake became the first American to successfully drill for oil by drilling at a depth of 69 feet using 10 foot pipe sections and a steam motor.
 

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