Impulse and Momentum
An impulsive force is a
large force exerted over a short time interval,
like that of a racket hitting a ball. Momentum is
equal to the product of the mass of an object and
its velocity or p=mv, p being momentum and v and m
being mass and velocity. Impulse is the change in
momentum of an object as that object is acted upon
by an outside force or a time interval or period
of time. Derived from these two ideas is the
impulse momentum theorem which tells us that an
impulse delivered to an object will change its
momentum and the momentum after a collision is
equal to the momentum before plus the impulse that
arises.
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A racket colliding with a ball exerts a force on
the ball and the racket. The ball doesn't
immediately rebound from the racket there is a time
interval in which the ball deforms flattening
against the racket and strings stretch back against
the impact of the ball. It is at this point of
maximum deformation the maximum amount of force is
exerted on the ball, causing the ball to experience
an impulse and rapidly gain momentum..