Basic Quantum Mechanics

Quantum computers use certain aspects of quantum mechanics to perform operations on data.

The two main principles of quantum mechanics being used are superposition and quantum entanglement.

Superposition
 Quantum Entanglement
Quantum superposition is a principle of quantum theory that claims
that a particle is in all possible states as long as the state is unknown
and it is not being observed. When the particle is observed, its state
will be known. This is demonstrated in the Schrodinger's Cat thought
experiment. Schrodinger's Cat illustrates a scenario where a cat is locked
in a box with a potentially dangerous sub-atomic particle (depending on
the state). According to quantum theory, the cat is both alive and dead
at the same time until the box has been opened and the cat has been
observed.   
Quantum entanglement is another principle of quantum theory.
Quantum entanglement is when multiple particles interact in such
a way that their states are all independent from one another. When
two particles are entangled and the state of one particle is known,
the other particle is in the opposite state. 
schrodinger's cat

Picture from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjaAxUO6-Uw
 quantum enganglement

Picture from: https://www.picoquant.com





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