In 1932, Lamb asked for God's help in two scientific issues: quantum electrodynamics and turbulence. He was optimistic about the first!

The incorrect Landau picture of the onset of turbulence has been displaced by Ruelle-Takens (-Newhouse) Theory, i.e. dynamical systems theory or "chaos".

But this is also recognized as incomplete. [4]

In all chaotic systems, one of the goals is prediction. We would like to know how far in to the future one can integrate the equations of motion before the results

"break down". This would mean a complete disagreement between the predicted outcome and the "true" behavior (however one knows that). There is a "rule-of-

thumb" for this:

The denominator is the maximum Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent, which is positive in a chaotic system. This time is sometimes called the Lyapunov Time.