The Sterling heat engine was invented by Robert Stirling in 1816. He was a reverend in the Scotland who built heat engines in his home workshop. His Heat Economiser was patented in 1816. The engine incorates ideas of reduced fuel consumption compared with the current steam engines.
Further developement to the engine happened when his younger brother suggested using pressurized gas as the working fluid. Additional patents in 1827 and 1840 were for improvement to the design.
A closed cycle with external heating engine that has a power piston, a displacer to move the enclosed air between the hot and cold ends a regenerator in now called a Stirling Cycle Engine.
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