The term
action-at-a-distance is often used
to describe forces that travel through space and exert their effect
without directly touching the objects acted upon.
Newton's
idea of instantaneous
action-at-a-distance has been replaced by the modern
action-at-a-distance which is transmitted at the speed of light so as
to avoid conflict with Relativity Theory (Hoyle and Narlikar 1974).
The
term "field theory" either replaces action-at-a-distance or is used as
the means by which action-at-a-distance transmits force. In this paper
"field" will represent the means of transmitting forces such as
electromagnetism and gravity, avoiding the need for the term
action-at-a-distance.
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