There are many different types of options that can be used for cooling computers.

Passive cooling- Natural convection in gas or liquid

Active cooling- Assisted system for fluid motion and heat
transport-
– Fan sinks/heat pipe combination

– Air flow management and enhancement

– Hybrid cooling
– Thermoelectric
– Thermosyphon
– Closed loop liquid cooling
– Direct immersion
– Refrigeration

– Cryogenics

above is the list of different types of cooling (Advanced cooling Concepts and their challenges)

below is comparison between all the types of cooling

(Advanced cooling Concepts and their challenges)

There are many advantages to using certain cooling methods and a lot of disadvantages. Packaging is one of the big disadvantages to certain cooling methods Packaging- except for customized electronics, broad market is resistive to change because of cost. Advanced cooling concepts will require a major departure from the existing packaging technology, e.g., introduction of liquid cooled systems in central offices or data centers!