Viscous Friction and Capillary Drag

Skis (as well as ice skate, sleds and other such winter equipment) glide because, some what ironically, of their friction. The friction that does exist between the ski and snow melts a little snow to create a very thin film of water.

image from the Physics of Skiing

The energy that creates this heat comes directly from the Kinetic Energy of the skier. The Kinetic Energy is reduced and thus also the speed is reduced. This loss of velocity to create the thin film of water is called Viscous Friction.

image from the Physics of Skiing

Capillary drag comes from the surface tension of water. The picture above shows how water clings to the bottom of a ski and stretches. The water is exerting a slight force on both the marble and the ski. In snow, columns of water form in the airspaces between the snow crystals. These myriad columns act like the water droplet pictured above and pull on the ski. The wetter the snow is and the thicker the film of water is, then the stronger the capillary drag is.