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ABSTRACT
The
MINIS balloon campaign in January 2005
investigated relativistic electron loss mechanisms. Balloon-based
experiments directly measure precipitation and thus provide a method
for quantifying losses, while the nearly stationary platform allows
for the separation of temporal and spatial variations. Four balloons,
each carrying an X-ray spectrometer, a Z-axis search coil magnetometer,
and a 3-axis electric field instrument providing DC electric field
and VLF measurements in 3 frequency bands, were launched from the
South African Antarctic Station (SANAE). The launches took place
at 1400 UT on 17 January, 1309 UT on 19 January, 2115 UT on 20
January, and 0950 UT on 24 January 24 2005. Each payload was be
carried to 110,000 ft ($\sim$32 km) on a 300,000 cubic foot balloon;
3 of the 4 remained at float altitude for about 8 days, ranging
from L$\sim$4 into the polar cap. An X 7.1 solar flare occurred
at 0636 UT on 20 January 2005 and reached peak intensity at 0701UT.
The largest >100 MeV solar proton event of the spacecraft era
began at 0650 UT and reached peak intensity at 0710 UT. This flare
appears to have essentially shorted out the global circuit and
virtually stopped magnetospheric convection for at least 7 hours.
The paper will present details of these findings and review the
recovery. A CME from this flare arrived at the Earth 34 hours later.
An SSC began at ~1650 UT followed by a geomagnetic storm with a
Dst perturbation of ~-100nT. The arrival of the CME initiated an
interval of very strong relativistic electron precipitation. The
second and third Southern payloads made observations extensive
relativistic electron precipitation events that occurred from 1700
to 2000 UT on 21 January 2005. This paper will present a study
of the correlations in X-ray modulation between payloads.
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