Advanced Materials Group (AMG) at the Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks is the largest research center in the areas of Nanotechnology and Microelectronics in Alaska. Our mission is to address key challenges through innovations in novel materials, processes and device configurations. AMG provides unmatchable capability with state-of-the-art clean room, material development, and advanced level characterization facilities to carry out research and technology development for Military, Aerospace, Space and Homeland Security (MASH) applications. In this talk, I am going to discuss the two approaches in nanoscale fabrication - bottom-up and top-down processes. I will discuss our ongoing research in Nanotechnology and Microelectronics. With our recent student success in ‘UAF Undergraduate Research Competition’ – I will emphasize the topics of interest ranging from the protective coatings for electronic devices, carbon allotropes, rare earth metals for national defense and hybrid photovoltaics. I will briefly discuss our research on Micro-Nanostructures that was recently recognized as ‘Frontline in Microelectronics’ by American Institute of Physics.